RESUMO
Descrever a prevaleÌncia de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e os fatores associados na alta hospitalar, no primeiro meÌs poÌs-alta e aos seis meses de prematuros assistidos em dois hospitais Amigos da Criança do sudeste brasileiro. Estudo descritivo e prospectivo. Participaram 84 prematuros que tiveram alta durante treÌs meses e 71 maÌes que atenderam aos criteÌrios de inclusaÌo. Coleta em prontuaÌrios e entrevistas com maÌes por instrumento estruturado. 31,0% estavam em AME na alta e no primeiro meÌs no domiciÌlio e 9,1% aos seis meses. Foram associados ao AME na alta: estado civil, ocupaçaÌo materna, consultas de preÌ-natal, tipo de parto, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, tempo de internaçaÌo e ventilaçaÌo mecaÌnica; no primeiro meÌs poÌs-alta: estado civil, ocupaçaÌo materna, consultas de preÌ-natal, tipo de gestaçaÌo e tempo de internaçaÌo; aos seis meses: renda familiar. As taxas de AME em prematuros estaÌo aqueÌm das recomendaçoÌes, necessitando de programas de intervençaÌo especiais.
To describe the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and associated factors in hospital discharge, in the first month after discharge and at six months of age of preterm infants attended at two Baby-Friendly hospitals in Southeastern Brazil. Descriptive, prospective study. Participants were 84 premature infants discharged throughout three months and 71 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection in medical records and interviews with mothers with use of a structured instrument. In hospital discharge and in the first month at home, 31.0% of the sample were in EBF, and at six months of age, the percentage was 9.1%. The following were associated with EBF in discharge: marital status, maternal occupation, prenatal consultations, type of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, length of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation. In the first month after discharge: marital status, maternal occupation, prenatal consultations, type of gestation and length of hospital stay. At six months: family income. Rates of EBF in preterm infants fall short of recommendations thereby, special intervention programs are needed.